Uburyo bunoze bwo kuringaniza impapuro zometseho

Kugaragara kw'ikibaho gikonjeshejwe hamwe n'uburinganire bubi birashobora kugabanwa muburyo butatu: transvers ya archive, architudinal arch and arch archite.
Guhinduranya archive bivuga urukuta rwakozwe kuruhande rwicyerekezo. Uburebure burebure bwerekana inkingi yakozwe nimpapuro zerekana icyerekezo cyihuta cyumurongo. Ububiko butabishaka ni inkingi ihindagurika icyerekezo icyo aricyo cyose. Inkuta hejuru yimpapuro yitwa positif positif, ko hejuru yimpapuro zimbere bita arch archive, kandi ko hejuru yimpapuro zimbere zifite hejuru no kumanuka byitwa arche nziza kandi mbi.
Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka kuburinganire bwimpapuro
1. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye n amanota yimpapuro imbere. Hano hari impapuro zitumizwa mu mahanga n’imbere mu gihugu, impapuro zo kwigana impapuro, impapuro zometseho, impapuro zicyayi, impapuro zikomeye cyane, n'ibindi, kandi bigabanijwemo a, B, C, D, e, icyiciro. Ukurikije itandukaniro ryibikoresho byimpapuro, impapuro zo hejuru ziruta impapuro zimbere.
2. Ibipimo byingenzi bya tekinike yimpapuro zimbere biratandukanye. Urebye imikorere isabwa yikarito cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro kubakoresha, impapuro imbere yikarito zirasabwa kuba zitandukanye
(1) Ingano yimpapuro imbere iratandukanye. Zimwe mu mpapuro zo hejuru nini kuruta iz'imbere, kandi zimwe ni nto.
(2) Ibirungo biri mu mpapuro mu mpapuro zo mu maso biratandukanye. Bitewe nubushuhe butandukanye bwibidukikije kubitanga, ubwikorezi nububiko, ibirimo ubuhehere bwimpapuro zo hejuru biruta iby'impapuro z'imbere, kandi hariho na bito.
(3) Uburemere bwimpapuro nibirimo ubuhehere buratandukanye. Ubwa mbere, impapuro zo hejuru nini kuruta impapuro zimbere, kandi nubushuhe buruta ubwinshi cyangwa munsi yurupapuro rwimbere. Icya kabiri, uburemere bwimpapuro zo hejuru burenze impapuro zimbere, ibirimo ubuhehere biruta impapuro zimbere cyangwa munsi yimpapuro zimbere.
3. Ibirungo biri mubice bimwe byimpapuro biratandukanye. Ubushuhe bwigice cyimpapuro burenze icy'ikindi gice cyimpapuro cyangwa silinderi, kandi ubuhehere bwuruhande rwinyuma ninyuma yimbere biratandukanye.
4 Iyambere kubera imikorere idakwiye, iyanyuma kubera ibikoresho bike, bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe no gukama.
5, ntibishoboka gukoresha ibikoresho bya spray cyangwa ibikoresho bidafite ibikoresho bya spray neza, kugirango ubuhehere bwimpapuro ntibushobora kwiyongera uko bishakiye.
6. Igihe cyo gusohora amazi nyuma yo gushyuha ntigihagije, cyangwa ubuhehere bwibidukikije ni bunini, guhumeka nabi, kandi umuvuduko wumurongo ntukwiye.
7. Imashini imwe ikonjesha, imashini ya kole ku mubare udakwiye, utaringaniye, no kwinjiza impapuro zo kugabanya impapuro zingana.
8. Umuvuduko wamazi udahagije kandi udahungabana, umutego wibyuka nibindi bikoresho byangiritse cyangwa amazi yumuyoboro ntamazi, bivamo imikorere isanzwe kandi ihamye ya preheater.

Urebye ikibazo cyukuntu wazamura uburinganire bwimpapuro, ibintu bifatika, ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa hamwe nibindi bintu bifitanye isano nibipimo byimpapuro nyinshi zikoreshwa bikunze kugeragezwa no gusesengurwa muri make.
(1) Ubwoko bumwe bwimpapuro ubwiyongere bwinshi, kugabanuka kugabanuka gato. Hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku isano iri hagati yimiterere, ibirimo ubuhehere no kugabanuka kwimpapuro zimwe na zimwe zitumizwa mu mahanga, impapuro zo mu rugo, impapuro z'icyayi hamwe n'impapuro zikomeye zometseho impapuro.
. Umuvuduko mwinshi wo mu kirere. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bwa preheater ni.
(3) Impapuro zifite ubwinshi nubushyuhe bwinshi butinda gushyuha no gukama, naho ubundi birihuta. Urupapuro rufite uburemere nubushuhe butandukanye birashyuha kandi byumishwa kumuvuduko wumwuka 1.0mpa / cm2 (172 ℃) preheater.
. Isano iri hagati yuburebure bwubushuhe nibirimo ubuhehere nyuma yo kumisha impapuro zuburemere butandukanye hamwe nubushuhe bwa 10% kuri 172 ℃ numuvuduko wumurongo wa 0.83 M / s.
. Ubushuhe bwa 220g / m2 na 150g / m2 impapuro zometse ku mpande imwe ni 13% nyuma yo gushyuha kuri 172 ℃. Mu bidukikije bya 20 ℃ na 65% by'ubushuhe muri parike, umuvuduko w’ibisohoka mu kirere ugereranije n’umuyaga uhumeka.

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byavuzwe haruguru byerekana ko igabanuka ry'impapuro ritandukanye n'uburemere bw'impapuro zitandukanye hamwe n'ibirimo ubuhehere, bikaba umutungo w'ingenzi w'impapuro. Hamwe nibikoresho bimwe, impapuro ziroroshye kugera kubintu byiza. Ibinyuranye na byo biragoye. Birakenewe gusuzuma impinduka zimpamvu eshanu zavuzwe haruguru hanyuma tugahindura bikwiye. Uburinganire bwiza cyangwa bubi biterwa nigabanuka ryikigero cya buri rupapuro. Kugirango ukore impapuro zifite uburinganire bwiza, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa buri cyiciro cyimpapuro kigomba kuba kimwe, muribyingenzi cyane ni impapuro zimbere. Igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwimpapuro zimbere ni gito ugereranije nimpapuro zimbere, kandi zegeranye neza, naho ubundi ni arch arch. Niba kugabanuka kwimpapuro zimbere bitaringaniye, bizahinduka ibyiza kandi bibi. Duhereye ku isesengura ryibikorwa byo gukora impapuro kumurongo wibyakozwe, kugenzura kugabanuka birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri.
(1) Icyiciro cyo gushiraho. Nukuvuga, inzira kuva kugaburira kugeza kashe ya kabiri nicyiciro cyingenzi cyo kugenzura kugabanuka. Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze byifashe, umuvuduko wamazi, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije nubushuhe bwa buri cyiciro cya tile, ibipimo byubushyuhe bwo gushyuha, uburebure bwubushuhe, harimo uburebure bwubushuhe, gukwirakwiza amazi kwa guhumeka, gutera amavuta, ingano ya kole hamwe nibikoresho bya tekiniki byerekana itara ryihuta ryumurongo byatoranijwe, kugirango impapuro zose zishobora gusezerana kubuntu no kugenzura neza kandi neza, kandi igipimo cya nyuma cyo kugabanuka ni kimwe.
(2) Ikibaho cyo gukora impapuro. Nukuvuga, icya kabiri gifatanye kumurongo ukurikira wo guhuza, gukama no gucuma. Muri iki gihe, buri rupapuro ntirushobora kugabanuka mu bwisanzure, kandi kugabanuka kwa buri cyiciro cyimpapuro birabujijwe nyuma yo gufatirwa mu mpapuro. Guhuza ingingo bishobora kuvugwa ko ari intangiriro yimpapuro. Birakenewe guhitamo no guhindura ibipimo bya tekiniki, nkubunini bwa kole, ubushyuhe bwamasahani yumye, umuvuduko wumurongo wumusaruro, nibindi, kugirango ugenzure itandukaniro ryikigero cyo kugabanuka kugeza byibuze, kandi ugahindura ibyuma byububiko byakozwe nimpapuro zishoboka. .

Ubwa mbere, birasabwa ko impapuro zifatizo zitangwa nuwabitanze zigomba kuba zifite ibyangombwa byuzuye kandi bihamye byuzuye nubushuhe. Mugihe cyo gutwara no gupakira no gupakurura, birasabwa guhorana ubuhehere bwibanze bwibidukikije mugihe kibitswe muruganda.
Ibindi ni ugukoresha ubwoko bumwe bwimpapuro cyangwa impapuro zingana, ubwinshi bwamazi hamwe n amanota menshi ashoboka.
Bitatu ni uko uburebure bwubuso bushyushye (gupfunyika inguni) yubushyuhe bwamazi ashyushye hamwe nubushuhe bunini bwiyongera, umuyaga uhumeka, igihe cyo gukwirakwiza amazi kikiyongera, umuvuduko wumurongo utanga umusaruro ugenda gahoro, kandi ubuhehere buri mu mpapuro bugabanywa nuburebure bwubushuhe bwa preheater, guhumeka bisanzwe hamwe na spray ikoreshwa mukwihutisha umurongo.
Icya kane, buri cyiciro cyimpapuro kumubare wa kole kugirango ugumane, ukurikije icyerekezo cyometse ku bugari bwuzuye bwuburinganire kandi buringaniye.
Icya gatanu, umuvuduko wumwuka urahagaze, hamwe numuyoboro wamazi hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya pipe bikomeza imirimo isanzwe.
Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kuburinganire bwikibaho. Ibintu byo guhinduka bihinduka hamwe. Iterambere rigomba gukorwa ukurikije imiterere yaho kandi rigamije, kandi ivuguruzanya nyamukuru rigomba gufatwa no gukemurwa. Ibikurikira nibibazo bisanzwe mubikorwa byo gukora impapuro imwe na kabiri ikonjesha mu ruganda rwacu, kurugero.

Birazwi ko: impapuro zo hejuru ni 250G / m2 icyiciro cya 2A impapuro zubukorikori zifite ubushuhe bwa 7.7%; impapuro za tile ni 150g / m2 imbaraga zo murugo zohejuru impapuro zisukuye hamwe nubushuhe bwa 10%; impapuro zimbere ni 250G / m2 icyiciro cya 2B impapuro zubukorikori hamwe nubushuhe bwa 14%; umuvuduko wumwuka wa 1.1mpa / cm2 umuvuduko wumurongo wa 60m / min. Uburyo bwo kunoza:
.
.
(3) agace gato ka spray kumitsi.
(4) Umuvuduko wumurongo wibikorwa wagabanutse kugera kuri 50M / min.
Ukurikije ibipimo byatoranijwe byavuzwe haruguru, umwimerere wa transvers arch irashobora gucika.
Urupapuro rwubatswe nabi kuva icyerekezo kirekire
Uburyo bwo kunoza:
.
.
Nyuma yo guhinduka neza, umwimerere muremure muremure urashobora kubura.

Birazwi ko impapuro zo hejuru ari 200g / m2 icyiciro cya 2B impapuro zo kwigana impapuro, ibirimo ubuhehere ni 8%, umuvuduko wumwuka ni 1.0mpa / cm2, naho umuvuduko wumurongo ni 50M / min. Uburyo bwo kunoza:
.
.
(3) Umuvuduko wumurongo wibikorwa wiyongereye kugera kuri 60m / min.
Urupapuro rwerekana nabi muburyo burebure
Uburyo bwo kunoza:
.
. Nyuma yo guhinduka neza, umwimerere muremure muremure urashobora kubura.

Birazwi ko: impapuro zo hejuru ni 200g / M2b impapuro zubukorikori, ibirimo ubuhehere ni 13%; impapuro (clip) impapuro ni 150g / M2 imbaraga nyinshi zometseho impapuro zifite ubushuhe bwa 10%; impapuro y'imbere ikozwe muri 200g / M2b yo kwigana impapuro zo kwigana impapuro zifite ubuhehere bwa 8%; umuvuduko wumwuka ni 1.0mpa / cm2; umuvuduko wumurongo wihuta ni 50M / min. Uburyo bwo kunoza:
(1) Uburebure bwimpapuro (sandwich) zinyura hejuru yubushyuhe bwa preheater bwiyongereyeho 0,9 kugeza kuri 1.4 na 0,6 kugeza kuri 1.1.
.
(3) Umuvuduko wumusaruro wiyongereye kugera kuri 60m / min.
Urupapuro rwerekana nabi muburyo burebure
Uburyo bwo kunoza:
.
.
Ikarito iri muburyo bwiza kandi bubi
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibyiza nibibi, kandi uburyo bwo kunoza buratandukanye. Hano turasobanura gusa transvers ihuriweho nibyiza nibibi.